Plate & Shell heat exchangers combine the compact and countercurrent, advantages of plate heat exchangers (Plate), coupled with the high-pressure ratings of shell and tube heat exchangers provided by cylindrical shells (Shell). Heat transfer surfaces of 1m² to 1000m² enable thermal performance to range from 10 kW all the way up to 100 MW (obviously dependent on the temperature driving force). The design parameters range from full vacuum to 400 bar (5,800 psi) and from -200 °C to 500 °C, so cryogenic LNG duties all the way to some gas turbine exhaust temperatures with everything else between.